Abstract
This study was aimed at estimating the internal consistency, distribution, factor structure and concurrent validity of a simplified format application for the Beck Depression Inventory with its 21 items rated on a 4-point scale. A non-probabilistic sample of voluntary participants formed by 100 married couples was investigated. The BDI scale presented a high internal consistency (alpha= .91). Its distribution was positively skewed (M = 11.36 and SD = 9.95). Two factors that explained 9.47% of the total variance were defined by the Cattell’s criterion. The first factor of 11 items (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13 and 19) was named depressive cognitive-emotional symptoms (alpha = .87); the second factor of 10 items was identified as somatized depression (8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20 and 21) (á = .85). The fit indexes were adequate. Reducing the indicator numbers per factor to five resulted in a good fit of the model, but equivalent to the one-factor model. BDI directly and mo- derately correlated (rS =.56) with negative affect (PANAS; Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 1988), severity of somatic symptoms (rS = .43) (SSS; Woolfolk & Allen, 2007) and alexithymia (rS = .41) (TAS20; Bagby, Parker & Taylor, 1994), and inversely and lowly with positive affect (rS = - .18). It is concluded that the format saves space and time in its application and possesses psychometric properties as good as the original scale
References
Akerblad,A.,Bengtsson,F.,Knorring,L.&Ekselius,L.(2006).Response, remission and relapse in relation to adherence in primary care treatment of depression: a 2-year outcome study. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 21(2), 117124.
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revised). Washington, DC: Author.
Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D. A. & Taylor G. J. (1994). The twentyitem Toronto alexithymia scaleI. Item selection and crossvalidation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38(1), 2332.
Beck, A. T. & Beck, R. W. (1972). Screening depressed patients in family practice: A rapid technique. Postgraduate Medicine, 52, 8185. Beck, J. S., Beck, A. T. & Jolly, J. B. (2001). Beck Youth Inventories. San
Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. Beck, A. T. & Lester, D. (1973). Components of depression in attempted
suicides. The Journal of Psychology, 85, 257260. Beck, A. T. & Steer, R. A. (1987). Beck Depression Inventory manual.
San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation, Harcourt Brace
Jovanovich. Beck A. T., Steer, R. A. & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the Beck De-
pression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A. & Garbin, M. G. (1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twentyfive years of evaluation.
Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77100. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J. & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archive of General Psychiatry, 4, 5361.
Bumberry, W., Oliver, J. M. & McClure, J. N. (1978). Validation of the Beck Depression Inventory in a university population using psychiatric es timate as the criterion. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 150155.
Canals, J., Blade, J. Carbajo, G. & DomenechLlaberia, E. (2001). The Beck Depression Inventory: Psychometric characteristics and usefulness in nonclinical adolescents. European Journal of Psychologi- cal Assessment, 17(1), 6368.
ChicoLibrán, E. (2000). Intensidad emocional y su relación con extraversión y neuroticismo. Psicothema, 12(4), 568573.
Clark, D. C., Cavanaugh, S. A. & Gibbons, R. D. (1983). The core symptoms of depression in medical and psychiatric patients. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 171, 705713.
Clark, D. C., Gibbons, R. D., Fawcett, J., Aagesen, C. A. & Sellers, D. (1985). Unbiased criteria for severity of depression in alcoholic inpa tients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 173, 482487.
DíazGuerrero, R. y Spielberger, C. D. (1975). IDARE. Inventario de Ansiedad: Rasgo-Estado. (Manual e Instructivo). México D.F: El Ma nual Moderno.
First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M. & Williams, J. B. W. (1997). Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders-clinician version (SCIDCV). Washington DC: APA Press.
García, H. C. (2009). Cómo investigar en psicología. México: Trillas. Hammen, C. L. (1980). Depression in college students: Beyond the Beck Depression Inventory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 126128.
Hendryx, M. S., Haviland, M. G. & Shaw, D. G. (1991). Dimensions of alexithymia and their relationships to anxiety and depression. Journal of Personality Assessment, 56, 227237.
Honkalampi, K., Hintikka, J., Tanskanen, A., Lethonen, J. & Viinamäki, H. (2000). Depression is strongly associated with alexithymia in the general population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 48, 99104.
Honkalampi, K., Saarinen, P., Hintikka, J., Virtanen, V., & Viinamäki, H. (1999). Factors associated with alexithymia in patients suffering from depression. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 68, 270275.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática. (2007). Estadísticas vitales de México. Aguascalientes: INEGI.
Keogh, E., McCracken, L. M. & Eccleston, C. (2006). Gender moderates the association between depression and disability in chronic pain patients. European Journal of Pain, 10(5), 413422.
Kim, Y., Pilkonis, P. A., Frank, E., Thase, M. E. & Reynolds, Ch. F. (2002). Differential functioning of the Beck Depression Inventory in latelife patients: Use of item response theory. Psychology and Aging, 17(3), 379391.
LópezIbor, J. J. (1980). ¿Por qué se enmascaran las depresiones? Actas Luso Españolas de Neurología, Psiquiatría y Ciencias Afines, 7, 7482.
Luminet, O., Bagby, R. M. & Taylor, G. J. (2001). An evaluation of the absolute and relative stability of alexithymia in patients with major depression. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 70, 254260.
Mattila, A. K., Kronholm, E., Jula, A., Salminen, J. K., Koivisto, A. M., Mielonen, R. L. & Joukamaa, M. (2008). Alexithymia and somatization in general population. Psychosomatic Medicine, 70(6), 716722.
MedinaMora, M. E., Borges, G., Lara, C., Benjet, C., Blanco, J., Fleiz, C., Villatoro, J., Rojas, E., Zambrano, J., Casanova, L. & AguilarGaxiola, S. (2003). Prevalencia de trastornos mentales y uso de servicios: resultados de la encuesta nacional de epidemiología psiquiátrica en México. Salud Mental, 26(4), 116.
Méndez, L. M. & Peña, A. (2006). Manual práctico para el diseño de la escala Likert. México, DF: Trillas.
Moral, J. (2006). Análisis factorial confirmatorio. En R. Landero & M. T. González (Ed.), Estadística con SPSS y metodología de la investi- gación (pp. 445528). México, DF: Trillas.
Moral, J. (2009). Factor structure and reliability of TAS20 in Mexican samples. The International Journal of Hispanic Psychology, 2(2), 163176.
Moral, J., González, M. T. & Landero, R. (2010). Factor structure of the STAXI2AX and its relationship to the burnout in housewives. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13(1), 418430.
Müller, J., Bühner, M. & Heiner, E. (2003). Relationship and differential validity of alexithymia and depression: a comparison of the Toronto Alexithymia and selfrating depression scales. Psychopathology, 36, 7177.
Myers, K. & Winters, N. (2002). Tenyear review of rating scales. II: Scales for internalizing disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(6), 634659.
Ruscio, A. M. & Ruscio, J. (2002). The latent structure of analogue depression: Should the Beck Depression Inventory be used to classify groups? Psychological Assessment, 14(2), 135145.
Tanaka, J. S. & Huba, G. J. (1984). Confirmatory hierarchical factor analyses of psychological stress measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 621635.
Taylor, G. J., Bagby, R. M. & Parker, J. D. A. (1997). Disorders of affect regulation. Alexithymia in medical and psychiatric illness. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Vázquez, C. & Sanz, J. (1997). Fiabilidad y valores normativos de la versión española del inventario para la depresión de Beck de 1978. Clínica y Salud, 8(3), 403422.
Volk, R., Pace, T. M. & Parchman, M. L. (1993). Screening for depression in primary care patients: Dimensionality of the short form of the Beck depression inventory, Psychological Assessment, 5(2), 173181.
Vredenburg, T. E., Krames, L. & Flett, G. L. (1985). Reexamining the Beck Depression Inventory: The long and short of it. Psychology Reports, 56, 767788.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A. & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 10631070.
Wise, T. N., Jani, N. N., Kass, E., Sonnenschein, K. & Mann, L. S. (1988). Alexithymia: relationship to severity of medical illness and depression. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 50(2), 6871.
Woolfolk, R. L. & Allen, L. A. (2007). Treating somatization. A cognitive- behavioral approach. New York: The Guilford Press.
Yeung, A., Howarth, S., Chan, R., Sonawalla, S. Nierenberg, A. & Fava, M. (2002). Use of the Chinese version of the Beck Depression Inventory for screening depression in primary care. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190(2), 9499.
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revised). Washington, DC: Author.
Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D. A. & Taylor G. J. (1994). The twentyitem Toronto alexithymia scaleI. Item selection and crossvalidation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38(1), 2332.
Beck, A. T. & Beck, R. W. (1972). Screening depressed patients in family practice: A rapid technique. Postgraduate Medicine, 52, 8185. Beck, J. S., Beck, A. T. & Jolly, J. B. (2001). Beck Youth Inventories. San
Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. Beck, A. T. & Lester, D. (1973). Components of depression in attempted
suicides. The Journal of Psychology, 85, 257260. Beck, A. T. & Steer, R. A. (1987). Beck Depression Inventory manual.
San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation, Harcourt Brace
Jovanovich. Beck A. T., Steer, R. A. & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the Beck De-
pression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A. & Garbin, M. G. (1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twentyfive years of evaluation.
Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77100. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J. & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archive of General Psychiatry, 4, 5361.
Bumberry, W., Oliver, J. M. & McClure, J. N. (1978). Validation of the Beck Depression Inventory in a university population using psychiatric es timate as the criterion. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 150155.
Canals, J., Blade, J. Carbajo, G. & DomenechLlaberia, E. (2001). The Beck Depression Inventory: Psychometric characteristics and usefulness in nonclinical adolescents. European Journal of Psychologi- cal Assessment, 17(1), 6368.
ChicoLibrán, E. (2000). Intensidad emocional y su relación con extraversión y neuroticismo. Psicothema, 12(4), 568573.
Clark, D. C., Cavanaugh, S. A. & Gibbons, R. D. (1983). The core symptoms of depression in medical and psychiatric patients. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 171, 705713.
Clark, D. C., Gibbons, R. D., Fawcett, J., Aagesen, C. A. & Sellers, D. (1985). Unbiased criteria for severity of depression in alcoholic inpa tients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 173, 482487.
DíazGuerrero, R. y Spielberger, C. D. (1975). IDARE. Inventario de Ansiedad: Rasgo-Estado. (Manual e Instructivo). México D.F: El Ma nual Moderno.
First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M. & Williams, J. B. W. (1997). Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders-clinician version (SCIDCV). Washington DC: APA Press.
García, H. C. (2009). Cómo investigar en psicología. México: Trillas. Hammen, C. L. (1980). Depression in college students: Beyond the Beck Depression Inventory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 126128.
Hendryx, M. S., Haviland, M. G. & Shaw, D. G. (1991). Dimensions of alexithymia and their relationships to anxiety and depression. Journal of Personality Assessment, 56, 227237.
Honkalampi, K., Hintikka, J., Tanskanen, A., Lethonen, J. & Viinamäki, H. (2000). Depression is strongly associated with alexithymia in the general population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 48, 99104.
Honkalampi, K., Saarinen, P., Hintikka, J., Virtanen, V., & Viinamäki, H. (1999). Factors associated with alexithymia in patients suffering from depression. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 68, 270275.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática. (2007). Estadísticas vitales de México. Aguascalientes: INEGI.
Keogh, E., McCracken, L. M. & Eccleston, C. (2006). Gender moderates the association between depression and disability in chronic pain patients. European Journal of Pain, 10(5), 413422.
Kim, Y., Pilkonis, P. A., Frank, E., Thase, M. E. & Reynolds, Ch. F. (2002). Differential functioning of the Beck Depression Inventory in latelife patients: Use of item response theory. Psychology and Aging, 17(3), 379391.
LópezIbor, J. J. (1980). ¿Por qué se enmascaran las depresiones? Actas Luso Españolas de Neurología, Psiquiatría y Ciencias Afines, 7, 7482.
Luminet, O., Bagby, R. M. & Taylor, G. J. (2001). An evaluation of the absolute and relative stability of alexithymia in patients with major depression. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 70, 254260.
Mattila, A. K., Kronholm, E., Jula, A., Salminen, J. K., Koivisto, A. M., Mielonen, R. L. & Joukamaa, M. (2008). Alexithymia and somatization in general population. Psychosomatic Medicine, 70(6), 716722.
MedinaMora, M. E., Borges, G., Lara, C., Benjet, C., Blanco, J., Fleiz, C., Villatoro, J., Rojas, E., Zambrano, J., Casanova, L. & AguilarGaxiola, S. (2003). Prevalencia de trastornos mentales y uso de servicios: resultados de la encuesta nacional de epidemiología psiquiátrica en México. Salud Mental, 26(4), 116.
Méndez, L. M. & Peña, A. (2006). Manual práctico para el diseño de la escala Likert. México, DF: Trillas.
Moral, J. (2006). Análisis factorial confirmatorio. En R. Landero & M. T. González (Ed.), Estadística con SPSS y metodología de la investi- gación (pp. 445528). México, DF: Trillas.
Moral, J. (2009). Factor structure and reliability of TAS20 in Mexican samples. The International Journal of Hispanic Psychology, 2(2), 163176.
Moral, J., González, M. T. & Landero, R. (2010). Factor structure of the STAXI2AX and its relationship to the burnout in housewives. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13(1), 418430.
Müller, J., Bühner, M. & Heiner, E. (2003). Relationship and differential validity of alexithymia and depression: a comparison of the Toronto Alexithymia and selfrating depression scales. Psychopathology, 36, 7177.
Myers, K. & Winters, N. (2002). Tenyear review of rating scales. II: Scales for internalizing disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(6), 634659.
Ruscio, A. M. & Ruscio, J. (2002). The latent structure of analogue depression: Should the Beck Depression Inventory be used to classify groups? Psychological Assessment, 14(2), 135145.
Tanaka, J. S. & Huba, G. J. (1984). Confirmatory hierarchical factor analyses of psychological stress measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 621635.
Taylor, G. J., Bagby, R. M. & Parker, J. D. A. (1997). Disorders of affect regulation. Alexithymia in medical and psychiatric illness. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Vázquez, C. & Sanz, J. (1997). Fiabilidad y valores normativos de la versión española del inventario para la depresión de Beck de 1978. Clínica y Salud, 8(3), 403422.
Volk, R., Pace, T. M. & Parchman, M. L. (1993). Screening for depression in primary care patients: Dimensionality of the short form of the Beck depression inventory, Psychological Assessment, 5(2), 173181.
Vredenburg, T. E., Krames, L. & Flett, G. L. (1985). Reexamining the Beck Depression Inventory: The long and short of it. Psychology Reports, 56, 767788.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A. & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 10631070.
Wise, T. N., Jani, N. N., Kass, E., Sonnenschein, K. & Mann, L. S. (1988). Alexithymia: relationship to severity of medical illness and depression. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 50(2), 6871.
Woolfolk, R. L. & Allen, L. A. (2007). Treating somatization. A cognitive- behavioral approach. New York: The Guilford Press.
Yeung, A., Howarth, S., Chan, R., Sonawalla, S. Nierenberg, A. & Fava, M. (2002). Use of the Chinese version of the Beck Depression Inventory for screening depression in primary care. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190(2), 9499.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2011
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.