Keywords
contact interruptions
psychopathological traits
coping styles
family members
drugs
psychopathological traits
coping styles
family members
drugs
How to Cite
Calderón González , F. A. ., Castro Valles, A. ., & Vidaña Gaytán, M. E. . (2018). Gestaltic blocking, psychopathological traits and coping styles in drug user ́s family . Psicumex, 8(2), 24–37. https://doi.org/10.36793/psicumex.v8i2.296
Abstract
The consumption of drugs affects not only those who consume them, but also those who live with the consumer. The purpose of this study was to collect data of the physical and psychological effects of family members living with a drug user. Contact interruption, stemming from Gestalt psychotherapy theory, utilized by family members and their effect on their coping was investigated. Using a quantitative cross-sectional design, two different groups (n = 30 each), were evaluated. The first group was composed of drug user family members and the second included family members without drug users. Three instruments previously validated in Mexican samples were used: the Symptom Scale (SRT), The Castanedo-Munguia Scale of Contact Interruptions, and the Coping Questionnaire (CQ). These instruments showed high reliability and results demonstrated significant correlations, especially between contact interruption and psychopathology symptom. Additionally, there were significant differences on psychological symptoms between the two groups. These results may inform the design of novel psychotherapeutic intervention that incorporate elements investigated in this study.
References
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Copello, A. G., Velleman, R. B., & Templeton, L. J. (2005). Family interventions in the treatment of alcohol and drug problems. Drug and Alcohol Review, 24, 369–385.
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Hussaarts, P., Roozen, H. G., Meyers, R. J., Van De Wetering, B. J. M., & McCrady, B. S. (2012). Problem areas reported by substance abusing individuals and their concerned significant others. American Journal on Addictions, 21(1), 38-46.
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Marín-Navarrete, R., Templos-Núñez, L., & Larios-Chávez, L. (2011). Codependencia: una revisión de sus distintas aproximaciones en México. En M. Romero Mendoza, M. Me- dina Mora, y C. Rodríguez Ajenjo. Mujeres y adicciones (pp. 127-159). México: CENAD- IC, Secretaría de Salud.
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Mora, J., Natera, G., & Andrade-Palos, P. (1994). Escala de Síntomas “Symptom Rating Test” (SRT) en estudiantes mexicanos de nivel medio superior. Salud Mental, 17(3), 15-23.
Morita, N., Naruse, N., Yoshioka, S., Nishikawa, K., Okazaki, N., & Tsujimoto, T. (2011). Mental health and emotional relationships of family members whose relatives have drug problems. Japanese Journal of Alcohol Studies & Drug Dependence, 46(6), 525-541.
Natera, G., Mora, J., & Tiburcio, M. (2002). Experiencia de las mujeres frente al abuso de alcohol y drogas de sus familiares. En M. Lara y N. Salgado. Cálmense, son sus nervios, tomes un tecito. La salud mental de las mujeres mexicanas (pp. 105-130). México, DF: Editorial Pax México
Natera-Rey, G., & Tiburcio-Sainz, M. (2007). Tailoring an intervention model to help indigenous families cope with excessive drinking in central Mexico. Salud Mental, 30(6), 32-42.
Natera-Rey, G., Medina-Aguilar, P. S., Callejas- Pérez, F., Juárez, F., & Tiburcio, M. (2011). Efectos de una intervención a familiares de consumidores de alcohol en una región indígena en México. Salud Mental, 34(3), 195-201.
Norma Oficial Mexicana. NOM-028-SSA2- 2009. Para la prevención, tratamiento y control de las adicciones. Recuperado de http://www.salud.gob.mx/unidades/cdi/nom/ 028ssa29.html
Nuño Gutiérrez, B. L., & González, C. (2004). La representación social que orienta las decisiones paternas al afrontar el consumo de drogas de sus hijos. Salud Pública de México, 46, 123-131.
Nuño-Gutiérrez, B. L., & González, C. (2004). La representación social que orienta las decisiones paternas al afrontar el consumo de drogas de sus hijos. Salud Pública de México, 46, 123-131. ISSN 0036-3634. Recuperado de http://oai.redalyc.org/ articulo.oa?id= 10646206
Munguía, G. (2016). Escala de bloqueos ges- tálticos Castanedo-Munguía. En Memorias del XXIV Congreso Mexicano de Psicología. México: Del Río Portilla, I., pp. 723-724.
Orford, J., Natera, G., Davies, J., Nava, A., Mora, J., Rigby, K., Bradbury, C... Velleman, R. (1998). Tolerate, engage or withdraw: a study of the structure of families coping with alcohol and drug problems in south west England and Mexico City. Addiction, 93(12), 1799-1813.
Orford, J., Natera, G., Velleman, R., Copello, A., Bowie, N.,
Bradbury, C., Davies, J... Tiburcio, M. (2001). Ways of coping and the health of relatives facing drug and alcohol problems in Mexico and England. Addiction, 96(4), 761-774.
Orford, J., Templeton, L., Velleman, R., & Co- pello, A. (2005). Family members of relatives with alcohol, drug and gambling problems: A set of standardized questionnaires for as- sessing stress, coping and strain. Addiction, 100(11), 1611-1624.
Orford, J., Velleman, R., Copello, A., Templeton, L., & Ibanga, A. (2010). The experiences of affected family members: a summary of two decades of qualitative research. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 17 (s1). pp. 44-62.
Orford, J., Velleman, R., Natera, G., Templeton, L., & Copello, A. (2013). Addiction in the family is a major but neglected contributor to the global burden of adult ill-health. Social Science and Medicine, 78(1), 70-77.
Petit, M. (2009). La terapia Gestalt. España: Editorial Kairós.
Sen, S. K., Víctor, R., & Saxena, K. (2016). Family burden in alcohol dependence: A study in north - eastern India. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health Online, 5(12), 2402-2409.
Svenson, L. W., Forster, D. I., Woodhead, S. E., & Platt, G. H. (1995). Individuals with a chemical-dependent family member. Does their health care use increase? Canadian family physician, 41, 1488-1493.
Tiburcio-Sainz, M., & Natera-Rey, G. (2003). Evaluación de un modelo de intervención breve para familiares de usuarios de alcohol y drogas. Un estudio Piloto. Salud Mental, 26(5), 33-52.
Tiburcio-Sainz, M., & Natera-Rey, G. (2007). Adaptación al contexto ñahñú del Cuestio- nario de Enfrentamientos (CQ), la Escala de Síntomas (SRT) y la Escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES- D). Salud Mental, 30(3), 48-58.
Valle-Rivadeneyra, R. E., & Perales-Cabrera, A. (2010). La familia en la prevención de la adicción de sustancias psicoactivas. Anales de la facultad de Medicina, 71(1), 63-64.
Castanedo-Secadas, C. (1997). Terapia Gestalt Enfoque centrado en el aquí y ahora. España: Herder.
Castanedo-Secadas, C. (2002). Terapia Gestalt Enfoque centrado en el aquí y ahora. España: Herder.
CIJ Centros de integración juvenil. (2015). Con- sumo de drogas: Riesgos y Consecuencias. México, DF: CIJ.
Copello, A., & Orford, J. (2002). Addiction and the family: is it time for services to take notice of the evidence?. Addiction, 97(11), 1361-1363.
Copello, A. G., Velleman, R. B., & Templeton, L. J. (2005). Family interventions in the treatment of alcohol and drug problems. Drug and Alcohol Review, 24, 369–385.
Doba, K., Nandrino, J. L., Dodin, V., & Antoine, P. (2014). Is there a family profile of addictive behaviors? Family functioning in anorexia nervosa and drug dependence disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(1), 107- 117.
Hussaarts, P., Roozen, H. G., Meyers, R. J., Van De Wetering, B. J. M., & McCrady, B. S. (2012). Problem areas reported by substance abusing individuals and their concerned significant others. American Journal on Addictions, 21(1), 38-46.
INPRFM Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Juan Ramón de la Fuente. (2015). Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas en Estudiantes 2014: Reporte de Drogas. México: DF: IN- PRFM.
Krishnan, M., Orford, J., Bradbury, C., Copello, A., & Velleman, R. (2001). Drug and alcohol problems: the user’s perspective on family member’s coping. Drug and Alcohol Review 20, 385-393.
Mackenzie, J., Best, D., Savic, M., & Hunter, B. (2015). Evaluating the effectiveness of support programs for family members affected by a relative’s substance use. Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia: Commonwealth Department of Health. Recuperado de http://www.sharc. org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/FDH- Evaluation-Final-17-11-15.pdf
Martín, A. (2006). Manual práctico de Psicote- rapia Gestalt. España: Desclée de Brouwer.
Marín-Navarrete, R., Templos-Núñez, L., & Larios-Chávez, L. (2011). Codependencia: una revisión de sus distintas aproximaciones en México. En M. Romero Mendoza, M. Me- dina Mora, y C. Rodríguez Ajenjo. Mujeres y adicciones (pp. 127-159). México: CENAD- IC, Secretaría de Salud.
Mattoo, S. K., Nebhinani, N., Basu, D., & Kulhara, P. (2013). Family burden with substance dependence: a study from India, The Indian Journal of Medical Research. 137, 704-711.
Mora, J., Natera, G., & Andrade-Palos, P. (1994). Escala de Síntomas “Symptom Rating Test” (SRT) en estudiantes mexicanos de nivel medio superior. Salud Mental, 17(3), 15-23.
Morita, N., Naruse, N., Yoshioka, S., Nishikawa, K., Okazaki, N., & Tsujimoto, T. (2011). Mental health and emotional relationships of family members whose relatives have drug problems. Japanese Journal of Alcohol Studies & Drug Dependence, 46(6), 525-541.
Natera, G., Mora, J., & Tiburcio, M. (2002). Experiencia de las mujeres frente al abuso de alcohol y drogas de sus familiares. En M. Lara y N. Salgado. Cálmense, son sus nervios, tomes un tecito. La salud mental de las mujeres mexicanas (pp. 105-130). México, DF: Editorial Pax México
Natera-Rey, G., & Tiburcio-Sainz, M. (2007). Tailoring an intervention model to help indigenous families cope with excessive drinking in central Mexico. Salud Mental, 30(6), 32-42.
Natera-Rey, G., Medina-Aguilar, P. S., Callejas- Pérez, F., Juárez, F., & Tiburcio, M. (2011). Efectos de una intervención a familiares de consumidores de alcohol en una región indígena en México. Salud Mental, 34(3), 195-201.
Norma Oficial Mexicana. NOM-028-SSA2- 2009. Para la prevención, tratamiento y control de las adicciones. Recuperado de http://www.salud.gob.mx/unidades/cdi/nom/ 028ssa29.html
Nuño Gutiérrez, B. L., & González, C. (2004). La representación social que orienta las decisiones paternas al afrontar el consumo de drogas de sus hijos. Salud Pública de México, 46, 123-131.
Nuño-Gutiérrez, B. L., & González, C. (2004). La representación social que orienta las decisiones paternas al afrontar el consumo de drogas de sus hijos. Salud Pública de México, 46, 123-131. ISSN 0036-3634. Recuperado de http://oai.redalyc.org/ articulo.oa?id= 10646206
Munguía, G. (2016). Escala de bloqueos ges- tálticos Castanedo-Munguía. En Memorias del XXIV Congreso Mexicano de Psicología. México: Del Río Portilla, I., pp. 723-724.
Orford, J., Natera, G., Davies, J., Nava, A., Mora, J., Rigby, K., Bradbury, C... Velleman, R. (1998). Tolerate, engage or withdraw: a study of the structure of families coping with alcohol and drug problems in south west England and Mexico City. Addiction, 93(12), 1799-1813.
Orford, J., Natera, G., Velleman, R., Copello, A., Bowie, N.,
Bradbury, C., Davies, J... Tiburcio, M. (2001). Ways of coping and the health of relatives facing drug and alcohol problems in Mexico and England. Addiction, 96(4), 761-774.
Orford, J., Templeton, L., Velleman, R., & Co- pello, A. (2005). Family members of relatives with alcohol, drug and gambling problems: A set of standardized questionnaires for as- sessing stress, coping and strain. Addiction, 100(11), 1611-1624.
Orford, J., Velleman, R., Copello, A., Templeton, L., & Ibanga, A. (2010). The experiences of affected family members: a summary of two decades of qualitative research. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 17 (s1). pp. 44-62.
Orford, J., Velleman, R., Natera, G., Templeton, L., & Copello, A. (2013). Addiction in the family is a major but neglected contributor to the global burden of adult ill-health. Social Science and Medicine, 78(1), 70-77.
Petit, M. (2009). La terapia Gestalt. España: Editorial Kairós.
Sen, S. K., Víctor, R., & Saxena, K. (2016). Family burden in alcohol dependence: A study in north - eastern India. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health Online, 5(12), 2402-2409.
Svenson, L. W., Forster, D. I., Woodhead, S. E., & Platt, G. H. (1995). Individuals with a chemical-dependent family member. Does their health care use increase? Canadian family physician, 41, 1488-1493.
Tiburcio-Sainz, M., & Natera-Rey, G. (2003). Evaluación de un modelo de intervención breve para familiares de usuarios de alcohol y drogas. Un estudio Piloto. Salud Mental, 26(5), 33-52.
Tiburcio-Sainz, M., & Natera-Rey, G. (2007). Adaptación al contexto ñahñú del Cuestio- nario de Enfrentamientos (CQ), la Escala de Síntomas (SRT) y la Escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES- D). Salud Mental, 30(3), 48-58.
Valle-Rivadeneyra, R. E., & Perales-Cabrera, A. (2010). La familia en la prevención de la adicción de sustancias psicoactivas. Anales de la facultad de Medicina, 71(1), 63-64.
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