Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the image of parental figures in their agents (parents) and their direct recipients (children), considering sex, social position and social comparison function. Some open-ended questions were administrated to 258 volunteer participants: 64 adult mothers and 64 adult fathers (parents), and 65 adolescent boys and 65 adolescent girls (children). We used a content analysis. The descriptions of parents given by themselves and their children were similar, provided a positive image; on the contrary, there was a balance of positive and negative qualities in the image of other parents. Mothers were defined and recognized as more demanding and irritable than fathers. Data were discussed considering the theories of social identity, and aspects of gender and family hierarchy.
References
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Weary, G. (1980). Examination of affect and egotism as mediators of bias in causal attributions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(2), 348-357.
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder, (4th edition, text revised, DSM-IV-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
American Psychological Association (2002). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychologist, 57(12), 1060-1073.
Brown, R. J., & Zagefka, H. (2006). Choice of comparisons in intergroup settings: the role of temporal information and comparison motives. European Journal of Social Psychology, 36(5), 649-671.
Castellanos, B., & González, A. (2002). Sexualidad y género.Alternativas para la educación en el siglo XXI. La Habana, Cuba: Editorial Científico-Técnica.
Díaz-Guerrero, R. (2003). Bajo las garras de la cultura, psicología del mexicano 2. México, DF: Trillas.
Díaz-Loving, R., & Cubas-Carlín, E. (1991). Sexualidad, género y premisas socioculturales. Revista de Psicología Social y Personalidad, 7(2), 15-42.
Estévez, E., Jiménez, T. I., & Musitu, G. (2007). Las relaciones entre padres e hijos adolescentes. Valencia: Nau Llibres.
Flores, M. M., Cortés, M. L., & Góngora, E. A. (2003). Estilos de crian- za: una aproximación a su identificación en familias de Yucatán. Educación y Ciencia (México), 7(14), 31-42.
Goldenberg, I., & Goldenberg, H. (2008). Family therapy: An overview. Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole.
Gracia, E. & Musitu, G. (2000). Psicología social de la familia. Barcelona: Síntesis.
Hartouni, Z. S. (1992). Effects of narcissistic personality organization on causal attributions. Psychological Reports, 71, 1339-1346.
Izcara-Palacios, S. (2007). Introducción al muestreo. México, DF: Miguel Porrúa.
Jong, E. E. de, Basso, R. A., Paira, M. G., & García, L. E. (2004). Las representaciones sociales acerca de la familia. Ciencia, Docencia y Tecnología, 28(15), 95-121.
Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (2nd edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Lerner, R. M., & Steinberg, L. (Eds.). (2004). Handbook of adolescent psychology. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Moral, J., Carrillo, V., & Griffens, C. I (2008). Social representation of matrimony in married couples in Nuevo León (México). The International Journal of Hispanic Psychology 1(1), 53-73.
Neuendorf, K. A. (2002). The content analysis guidebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Palacios, D. J., & Andrade, P. P. (2006). Escala de estilos parentales en adolescentes mexicanos. En Revista de Psicología Social y Personalidad, México, DF: Asociación Mexicana de Psicología Social, S.C 22, pp. 49-64.
Pauhlus, D. L. (2002). Socially desirable responding: The evolution of a construct. En H. Brau, D. Jackson & D. E. Wiley (Eds.). The role of constructs in psychological and educational measurement (pp.46- 69). Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Paulhus, D. L., & Levitt, K. (1987). Desirable responding triggered by affect: Automatic egotism? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 245-259.
Perelberg, R. J. & Miller, A. C. (1990). Gender and power in families. London: Routledge.
Pinker, S. (2009). The sexual paradox: Men, women and the real gender gap. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Pinsoff, W. M., & Lebow, J. L. (2005). Family psychology: The art of the science. New York: Oxford University Press.
Pronin, E. (2009). The introspeccion illusion. En M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 41, pp. 2-67). San Diego: Academic Press.
Robinson, C., Mandleco, B., Olsen, S. F., & Hart, C. H. (2001). The Parenting Styles and Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ). En B.F. Perlmutter, J. Touliatos, & G. W. Holden (Eds.), Handbook of Family Measurement Techniques: Vol. 3. Instruments & Index (pp. 319-321). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Sociedad Mexicana de Psicología (2007). Código ético del psicólogo. México, DF: Trillas.
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. En S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.). Psychology of intergroup relations (2da ed., pp. 112-167). Chicago, IL: Nelson Hall.
Turner, J. C. (1987). A Self-categorization theory. En J. C. Turner, M. A. Hogg, P. J. Oakes, S. D. Reicher & M. S. Wetherell, (Eds.), Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory (pp. 117-141). Oxford, United Kingdom: Basil Blackwell.
Vázquez-García, V. & Chávez-Arellano, M. E. (2008). Género, sexualidad y el poder. El chisme en la vida estudiantil de la Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo, México. Estudios sobre las culturas contemporáneas, 14(27), 77-112
Watson, P. J., Morris, R. J., & Miller, L. (1998). Narcissism and the self as continuum: Correlations with assertiveness and hypercompetitiveness. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 17, 249-259.
Weary, G. (1980). Examination of affect and egotism as mediators of bias in causal attributions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(2), 348-357.
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