Palabras clave
compromiso académico
amigos de riesgo
estudiantes
preparatoria
Cómo citar
Resumen
El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la influencia de los amigos con conductas de riesgo en el compromiso académico de estudiantes de preparatoria, y el papel moderador del nivel de las disposiciones de resiliencia en dicha relación. Se llevó a cabo una investigación de diseño longitudinal en dos tiempos (T1 y T2) con estudiantes seleccionados de tres escuelas del noroeste de México. Por medio de un cuestionario, se evaluaron las variables compromiso académico, amigos con conductas de riesgo y disposiciones a la resiliencia. Las mediciones se realizaron con un año de diferencia y en una muestra de 773 adolescentes en la primera evaluación, con una retención del 62 % en la segunda. Se llevaron a cabo análisis factoriales utilizando estimadores de máxima similitud para comprobar el ajuste del modelo y de verificación predictiva posterior. Según los resultados, tener amigos con conductas de riesgo en T1 predice negativamente el compromiso académico de los participantes en T2 (β = -0.335, p <0 .001); mientras que las disposiciones a la resiliencia moderan el efecto negativo de tener amigos con conductas de riesgo en el compromiso académico (β = 0.084, p = 0.002). Se discute la pertinencia de promover las disposiciones a la resiliencia en adolescentes que habitan en contextos donde pueden relacionarse con amigos de riesgo, con el fin de mantener su compromiso académico a pesar de dicho riesgo.
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