Keywords
Stress as challenge
stress as pressure
optimism
resilience
locus of control
stress as pressure
optimism
resilience
locus of control
How to Cite
Escamilla Quintal, M., Arias Aldana, J. ., & Novelo Herrera, R. . (2012). Occupational stress as challenge and pressure: Its relationship with personality traits. Psicumex, 2(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.36793/psicumex.v2i1.230
Abstract
Generally, psychology has focused on pathological stress (Siegel & Schrimshaw, 2000; Peiro, 2008). However, positive psychology emphasizes emotions, attitudes and actions aimed at obtaining happiness and positive workplaces (Simmons & Nelson, 2007). Nevertheless, both perspectives do not oppose each other since –as it has been shown- positive emotions may coexist with negative ones during stressing and adverse circumstances. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between appraisal/perception as pressure or challenge stressors and personality traits: optimism, resilience and locus of control. One hundred and seventeen high school and college teachers at Merida, Yucatan, Mexico participated in the study. The findings showed that optimism correlates positively with personal responsibility perceived as challenge, and negatively with workload and balance work/home; resilience correlated positively with relationships at job and locus of control correlated negatively with relationships at job and balance work/home. Findings, contributions and limitations are discussed.
References
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Siegel, K. & Schrimshaw, E. W. (2000). Perceiving benefits in adversity: Stress-related growth in women living with HIV/AIDS. Social Science & Medicine, 51, 1543-1554.
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Asún, D., Molina, D., & Real, C. (2002). Burnout en educación. Recuperado de http://www.educarchile.cl/Portal.Base/Web/ VerContenido.aspx?ID=74768
Block, J., & Kremen, A. (1996). IQ and ego- resiliency: conceptual and empirical connections and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psichology, 70(2), 349- 361.
De Frutos, J., González, P., Maillo, A., Peña, J., & Riesco, M. (2007). Condiciones de trabajo y Satisfacción Laboral de los docentes en las escuelas católicas de Madrid. Educación y Futuro,17, 9-42.
Duran-Ramos, T. (2001). El constructo locus de control en la toma de decisiones educativas. Paedagogium, 1(3), 8-11.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218-226.
Glazer, S., Stetz, T. A., & Izso, L. (2004). Effects of personality on subjective job stress: A cultural analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 645-658.
Judge, T. A. & Bono, J. E. (2001). Relationship of core self-evaluations traits–self-esteem, generalized self efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability–with job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 80–92.
Kirkcaldy, B. D., Shepard, R. J., & Furnham, A. F. (2002). The influence of type A behaviour and locus of control upon job satisfaction and occupational health. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 1361-1371.
Kirkaldy, B. D., Petersen, L., & Hübner, G. (2002). A comparison of occupational stress, physical and psychological well-being and coping amon managers from west and the former east Germany. European Psychologist, 7(1), 53-62.
Le Ferve, M., Matheny, J., & Kolt, G. S. (2003). Eustress, distress and interpretation in occupational stress. Journal of Managerial Psychology. 18(7), 726-744.
López, D. (2005). Estrés, cómo entenderlo, entenderse y vencerlo. 4° ed. Argentina: Lumen.
Martínez-Correa, A., Reyes, G. A., García- León, A., & González-Jareño, M. I. (2006). Optimismo/pesimismo disposicional y estrategias de afrontamiento y estrategias de afrontamiento. Psicothema, 18(1), 66-72.
Maruta, T., Colligan, R.C., Malinchoc, M., & Offord, K.P. (2000). Optimists vs. pessimists: Survival rate among medical patients over a 30-year period. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 75, 140-143.
Mingote, J. C., & Pérez, S. (2003). Estrés en la enfermería. El cuidado del cuidador. Madrid: Díaz de Santos.
Muhonen, T. & Torkelson, E. (2004). Work locus of control and its relationship to health and job satisfaction from a gender perspective. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for de Investigation of Stress, 20, 21-8.
Peiró, J. M. (2000). Desencadenantes del estrés laboral. Madrid: Pirámide.
Peiró, J. M. (2001). El estrés laboral: una perspectiva laboral y colectiva. Prevención, Trabajo y Salud, 13, 18-38.
Peiró, J. M. (2008). Stress and coping at work. New research trends and their implications for practice. In K. Nâswall, J. Hellgren & M. Sverke (Eds.), The individual in the changing working life (pp. 284-310). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Rotter, J. B. (1996). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Phychological Monographs. 80 (Whole No. 609, 1).
Ryff, C., & Singer, B. H. (2003). Emotion, social relationships and health. New York: Oxford University Press.
Salanova, M. (2003). Trabajando con tecnologías y afrontando el tecnoestrés: el rol de las creencias de eficacia. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y las Organizaciones, 19, 225-247.
Salanova, M., Martínez, I., & Lorens, S. (2005). Psicología organizacional positiva. En F. J. Palací (coord.). Psicología de la organización (pp.349-376). Madrid: Pearson- Prentice Hall.
Selamé, T. (1998). Condiciones de trabajo y salud ocupacional de la región Metropolitana. Mujer y Trabajo, 2.
Seligman M. E. P. & Csikszentmihalyi, M (2000). Positive Psychology. American Psychologist, 55, 1-14.
Selye, H. (1950). Stress. Montreal: Acta In.
Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery and self-steem): a reevaluation of Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1.063-1.078.
Siegel, K. & Schrimshaw, E. W. (2000). Perceiving benefits in adversity: Stress-related growth in women living with HIV/AIDS. Social Science & Medicine, 51, 1543-1554.
Simmons, B. L., & Nelson, D. L. (2007). Eustress at work : Extending tha holistic stress model. In B. L. Simmons & D. L Nelson (Eds.), Positive organizational behavior (pp. 41-53). India: Sage.
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